神光Ⅱ大型固体高功率激光装置是我国激光驱动器发展历史的里程碑, 其成功研制使我国高功率固体激光工程与技术、聚变物理与基础物理研究实现了全面且本质的跨越式发展。简要概述了神光Ⅱ激光装置研制中创新发展的大量工程方案与技术手段, 举例介绍了神光Ⅱ激光装置在近20年来的高质量运行中取得的众多有国际影响力的研究成果。经多方支持和多年持续发展, 已经形成数万焦耳级纳秒激光装置、皮秒拍瓦以及飞秒拍瓦激光装置等, 这些装置是我国惯性约束核聚变、强场物理、高能量密度物理等研究领域中重要的物理实验核心平台之一。

自动准直系统是确保高功率激光驱动器高效、安全、可靠运行的重要子系统之一，同时也是保证光束质量的主要手段。通过构建以太局域网并使用高性能的数字网络CCD来完成图像的获取和传输，直接将光束图像转换成数字信号并通过以太网输出，实现了光束近远场图像的网络化处理；引入高斯平滑滤波算法来提高光束近远场图像处理的误差计算精度，同时将模糊算法运用到步进电机调整过程中，使得系统准直时间大幅缩短。通过在神光II第九路装置上进行实验验证，表明系统能在5 min之内顺利完成全部调整工作，其近远场图像获取和处理精度均可达1 pixel。

利用高功率激光装置空间滤波器小孔成像和取样光栅的衍射, 结合插入的负透镜发散激光来同轴照明小孔, 设计出一套新型光路远场监测方案。该方案利用光栅衍射可以灵活取样激光远场, 并且在实验平台上进行了实验验证。实验结果表明, 其远场监测系统的准直精度达到小孔直径的1.42%, 能够满足准直系统远场调整精度(小于小孔直径5%)的要求。

光束自动准直系统是高功率激光惯性约束聚变装置的重要子系统, 激光远场监测技术是光束自动准直系统的关键技术, 基于光栅取样的新型远场监测系统可以利用光栅衍射灵活取样激光远场。对影响光栅取样系统远场监测精度的主要因素进行了分析, 结果表明,系统误差为小孔直径的7.49%, 包括投影误差和斜成像误差; 随机误差小于小孔直径的1%, 包括物像关系误差和衍射光耦合误差。

Beam automatic alibnment system is used to implement beam adjustment .Basing on the principle of matrix optic，the mathematical model for auto-alignment in four-pass amplifier is built by analyzing the properties of this system. Using this model, the shems of beam alignment is designed and the analytical solutions of the amounts of near field adjustment and far field adjustment are obtained, respectively.

In order to improve the energy efficiency of high power laser system of ICF and use the optical energy sufficiently, converting Gaussian laser beam into uniform beam is important. Meanwhile, the wavefront of the laser beam in the system is also significant because it affects the imaging quality at image surface and the transfer of image in multilevel magnification laser system. Starting from the Jones matrix of spheric lenses, the intensity transmittance distribution of birefringent lenses beam shaping system has been analyzed by transmission matrix. The wavefronts of different polarized states after transmission through beam shaping system are discussed. The effecting factors, such as the distances between lenses, the lens' mechanical deviation from optical axis of system, have been considered. The uniform laser beam can be obtained. In the ninth beamline of 'SG II' device, the static beam filling factor of near field can be improved from 66% to 80% by using the birefringent lens shaping system.

Nd∶doped-glass-based sub-picosecond laser system with the maximum peak power of greater than 20 tara watts and the energy on target surface of 16 J is accomplished by using the chirped laser pulse amplification technology. While the laser pulse is focused by an off-axis parabolic mirror, the power density on target surface of approximately 2×10 18 W/cm 2 is acquired. In the performed neutron experiment, a C 8D 8 plate target is placed on the focal spot of the off-axis parabolic mirror. The maximum neutron yield for a single shot reaches 2.4×10 4. Still some other related problems are discussed

利用啁啾脉冲放大技术，建成了一台基于钕玻璃放大器1053 nm波长的亚皮秒超短脉冲激光系统(SPS)。系统的输出峰值功率大于20 TW，靶面最高能量可达16 J，采用离轴抛物面反射镜聚焦，在靶面上获得2×10 18 W/cm 2的激光功率密度，以此激光脉冲轰击氘化聚苯乙烯平面靶，获得单次发射最高2.4×10 4个中子产额。对中子产生的机理进行了相关的讨论。